Canterbury bells are biennial plants that grow quickly, bloom in two years, and then complete their life cycle.

These plants have an upright form with numerous vibrant, bell-shaped flowers, ranging from white to violet, and emit a sweet fragrance.

Canterbury bells thrive in the northern United States, as they struggle with the heat of the southern states. They prefer full sunlight and moist, nutrient-rich soil, with the addition of fertilizer helping to promote a healthy bloom.

Canterbury Bells Care Guide

Here are the key care tips for growing Canterbury bells:

1. Light: Canterbury bells thrive in full sunlight, needing four to six hours of sun daily. They can tolerate partial sun, but full sun is optimal.

2. Soil: These plants prefer well-drained, moist soil with a loamy or sandy texture. While they can tolerate a range of pH levels, neutral to slightly alkaline soil is ideal.

3. Watering: Keep the soil evenly moist, but avoid overwatering. Canterbury bells are sensitive to both drought and waterlogged conditions, so consistent moisture retention is crucial.

4. Temperature & Humidity: They do best in cooler climates, as temperatures above 80°F can stress the plant. If you live in a warmer area, provide some afternoon shade.

5. Fertilizing: In spring, use a low-nitrogen (5-10-5 NPK) fertilizer to encourage healthy blooms. After applying fertilizer, water the soil thoroughly. You can also mix compost into the soil to improve its fertility and drainage.

Types of Canterbury Bells

Canterbury bells, scientifically known as Campanula medium, are part of the bellflower family and native to southern Europe’s Mediterranean region. These flowers were introduced to Britain in the 16th century and were initially called Coventry bells. By the 1800s, they became known as Canterbury bells.

Campanula medium Bells of Holland: 18 inches tall; pink, purple, or white flowers

Campanula medium Champion Pink: 2 feet tall; pink flowers

Campanula medium Dwarf Bella Mix: 14 inches tall; blue, lilac, pink, or white flowers

Campanula medium Double Melton Mix: 3 feet tall; dark pink, light pink, or purple flowers with double blooms

Pruning Canterbury Bells

To keep Canterbury bells healthy, remove dead foliage and pinch or cut back faded flowers. You can also prune back any overgrown flowers, even if they are still healthy. Light pruning throughout the summer will help maintain the plant's shape and size.

Propagating Canterbury Bells

The best way to propagate Canterbury bells is by sowing seeds. As a biennial, Canterbury bells bloom in the second year and then die, so many gardeners prefer planting fresh seeds each year. They’re typically grown in flower beds, ideally placed in the second row of a three-tiered arrangement, staggered by height.

Growing Canterbury Bells from Seeds

To grow Canterbury bells from seed, start indoors during winter and transplant outdoors in the spring:

1. Sow seeds in a tray filled with potting soil in late winter.

2. Cover the seeds with a light layer of vermiculite.

3. Mist the vermiculite lightly with a spray bottle to keep it evenly moist.

4. Maintain a temperature of 65 to 70°F.

5. Once seedlings emerge about 3-4 weeks later, place the tray on a sunny windowsill and keep the soil moist.

6. Harden off the seedlings in mid-spring by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions.

7. Transplant the seedlings to your garden once all danger of frost has passed.

By following these simple steps, you'll have healthy, vibrant Canterbury bells blooming in your garden!

Potting and Repotting Canterbury Bells

Canterbury bells can be planted in regular potting soil, though adding some sand can improve drainage. Choose a container with drainage holes to prevent water from accumulating, which could lead to root rot. Re-potting is best done in early spring. Due to the plant’s height, staking may be necessary to provide additional support as it grows.

Overwintering

For the best winter preparation, it's recommended to grow Canterbury bells indoors during their first year. Use a thick layer of mulch around the plant, and avoid watering too much during frost periods. Plant them outdoors in the spring.

Common Pests & Plant Diseases

While pests and diseases are not common, Canterbury bells can still be affected by insects and fungal issues. Early intervention is key to treatment. Common pests include aphids, mites, slugs, and snails. The plant may also suffer from root rot, powdery mildew, or rust.

Fungal diseases like rust are recognizable by leaf lesions and pustules, which can spread to nearby flowers. Ensuring good air circulation and regular pruning can help minimize the risk of disease.